IntroductionThe United Kingdom (UK) has long been recognized as one of the world’s major financial and business hubs. With its open economy and extensive international trade network, UK-based companies frequently engage in cross-border transactions involving interest, royalties, service fees, and dividends. These transactions often trigger withho

In today’s complex and fast-changing business landscape, organizations face constant challenges—from regulatory compliance and risk management to operational efficiency and strategic alignment. Amid this evolving environment, internal audit services have become indispensable. They not only help detect and mitigate risks but also drive continuou

IntroductionDividend policy is one of the most critical financial decisions that a company makes. It not only determines how profits are distributed among shareholders but also influences investor confidence, company valuation, and long-term sustainability. In today’s complex tax environments, particularly in jurisdictions with evolving corporate

Maritime trade plays a critical role in the global economy, with container shipping forming the backbone of international commerce. The transportation of goods via container ships involves significant financial exposure due to risks such as collisions, natural disasters, piracy, and cargo damage. Container ship insurance is therefore essential for